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Why do elements have different valency?

Why do elements have different valency?

Some elements show variable valency because of the different electronic configurations. An atom of an element can sometimes lose more electrons than are present in its valence shell i.e. loss from the penultimate shell and hence exhibit more than 1 or variable valency. This is termed variable valency.

Why Iron has 2 and 3 valency?

As mentioned earlier, iron displays the two valence states of +3 and +2. So, when it gives away the two 4s electrons, it acquires a valency of +2. As a result, the whole 3d orbital is filled with unpaired electrons that deliver a more stable configuration. In such a situation, the valency of iron will be +3.

Why the valency of phosphorus is 3 and 5?

Phosphorus has 3 outermost electrons that can participate in bonding, and so it can have a valence number of + or -3. So all 5 of the electrons outside the neon-like core of phosphorus can then become valence electrons, giving it the major valence number of +5.

Are elements with the same number of valence electrons similar?

Two different elements have similar chemical properties when they have the same number of valence electrons in their outermost energy level. Elements in the same column of the Periodic Table have the same number of valence electrons – that’s why they have similar chemical properties.

Why do transition metals have more than one valency?

Transition metals have variable valencies because the energies of the 3d orbital and 4s orbitals (or similar orbital comparisons in lanthanides and actinides, etc.) are similar, so electrons are able to bond from the d-shell as well.

Why do transition elements have variable valency?

The transition elements have their valence electrons in two different sets of orbitals that is (n-1)d and ns. Thus, transition elements show variable valencies due to involvement of penultimate d shell electrons.

Which element has more than one valency?

Certain elements have more than one valency. They exhibit variable valency. For example, copper, tin, iron and mercury exhibit variable valency. Copper combines with oxygen to form cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and cupric oxide (CuO).

Why does copper have a valency of 2?

When an element does not have a specific valency, its valency is called variable valency. Copper has valency ‘1’ and ‘2’ that is the number of electrons lost or gained is 1 or 2 in different compounds.. For C u C l 2 CuCl_2 CuCl2 the valency is two as it needs two chlorine atoms hence its name is cupric chloride.

Why does lead have a valency of 2?

An atom’s combining capacity is known as its valency. The valency of the element represents the number of bonds that an atom can form as part of a compound. Valencies of lead (Pb) is 2,4. Since due to inert pair effect lead stable valency is +2.

Which element has highest valency?

Sulphur
As it belongs to the VI Periodic Table group, Sulphur has six valence electrons. It thus has maximum valency.

Why do elements in the same period have similar properties?

Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells; moving across a period (so progressing from group to group), elements gain electrons and protons and become less metallic. This arrangement reflects the periodic recurrence of similar properties as the atomic number increases.

Why do elements in the same group have the same valency?

In the periodic table, the elements in the same group have the same valency. For example, all the elements in group 8 have 8 electrons and completely filled orbitals, that is why the valency of all the elements in this group is zero. Difference between Valency and Oxidation Number Valency is different from the oxidation number, and it has NO SIGN.

How are electrons related to the valency of an atom?

Concept of Valency Valency and Oxidation State Electrons that are found in the outermost shell are generally known as valence electrons and the number of valence electrons determines the valency (or valence) of an atom.

What makes an atom different from other atoms?

There are over 100 known elements; and the primary difference between them is their number of protons and electrons. Indeed, this number defines the ‘identity’ of the atom. The number of electrons surrounding a nucleus determines how an atom will react with other atoms.

What does the term’valency’mean in chemistry?

What does the term ‘Valency’ mean? The valency of an element is a measure of its combining capacity and can be defined as the number of electrons that must be lost or gained by an atom to obtain a stable electron configuration. What does the term ‘Oxidation State’ mean?